[Footnote 43: Article I, section 9, clause 8.]
[Footnote 44: Article II, section 1, clause 6.]
[Footnote 45: Article III, section 2.]
[Footnote 46: Article III, section 3.]
[Footnote 47: "American Museum," February, 1788.]
[Footnote 48: Benton's "Abridgment," vol. x, p. 448.]
[Footnote 49: See address by Edward Everett at the Academy of Music, New
York, July 4, 1861.]
[Footnote 50: Ibid.]
[Footnote 51: "Federalist," No. xxxix.]
CHAPTER VII.
Verbal Cavils and Criticisms.--"Compact," "Confederacy,"
"Accession," etc.--The "New Vocabulary."--The Federal
Constitution a Compact, and the States acceded to it.--Evidence
of the Constitution itself and of Contemporary Records.
I have habitually spoken of the Federal Constitution as a compact, and
of the parties to it as sovereign States. These terms should not, and in
earlier times would not, have required explanation or vindication. But
they have been called in question by the modern school of consolidation.
These gentlemen admit that the Government under the Articles of
Confederation was a compact. Mr. Webster, in his rejoinder to Mr. Hayne,
on the 27th of January, 1830, said:
"When the gentleman says the Constitution is a compact between
the States, he uses language exactly applicable to the old
Confederation. He speaks as if he were in Congress before 1789.
He describes fully that old state of things then existing.
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