Each state, amply competent to administer and control its own
domestic government, yet too feeble successfully to resist
powerful nations, seeks safety by uniting with other states in
like condition, and by delegating to some common agent the use
of the combined strength of all, in order to secure advantageous
commercial relations in peace, and to carry on hostilities with
effect in war.
"Now, the powers delegated by the several States to the
Confederate Government, which is their common agent, are
enumerated in the eighth section of the Constitution; each power
being distinct, specific, and enumerated in paragraphs
separately numbered. The only exception is the eighteenth
paragraph, which by its own terms is made dependent on those
previously enumerated, as follows: '18. To make all laws which
shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the
foregoing powers,' etc.
"Now the _war-powers_ granted to the Congress are conferred in
the following paragraphs: No. 1 'gives authority to raise
revenue necessary to pay the debts, provide for _the common
defense_, and carry on the Government,' etc. No. 11, 'To declare
war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules
concerning captures on land and water.' No. 12, 'To raise and
support armies, but no appropriations of money to that use shall
be for a longer term than two years.
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