, long. 22° 08? W. It was one-year-old ice
interspersed with older pack, all heavily snow-covered and lying west-
south-west to east-north-east. We entered the pack at 5 p.m., but
could not make progress, and cleared it again at 7.40 p.m. Then we
steered east-north-east and spent the rest of the night rounding the
pack. During the day we had seen adelie and ringed penguins, also
several humpback and finner whales. An ice-blink to the westward
indicated the presence of pack in that direction. After rounding the
pack we steered S. 40° E., and at noon on the 10th had reached lat. 58°
28? S., long. 20° 28? W. Observations showed the compass variation to
be 1?° less than the chart recorded. I kept the 'Endurance' on the
course till midnight, when we entered loose open ice about ninety miles
south-east of our noon position. This ice proved to fringe the pack,
and progress became slow. There was a long easterly swell with a light
northerly breeze, and the weather was clear and fine. Numerous bergs
lay outside the pack.
The 'Endurance' steamed through loose open ice till 8 a.m. on the
11th, when we entered the pack in lat. 59° 46? S., long. 18° 22? W. We
could have gone farther east, but the pack extended far in that
direction, and an effort to circle it might have involved a lot of
northing.
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